The monograph on extensive historical, sociological, economic, statistical and political science material reveals the problems of the population of Russia, contains retrospective estimates and prognostic conclusions. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of high mortality and low birth rates in Russia, the reasons for the depopulation of the country's population are determined, ways of saving the people and factors of demographic growth are established. The work reflects the social anxiety that soz give to the monstrous effect on the population of drugs, alcohol, crime, murder, trauma; poverty and poverty; abortion, child and maternal mortality; smoking.