This brochure describes a unique historical process that led in the 1910s to the creation of the prerequisites for the emergence of civil society in the country. It will be about how, after the revolution of 1905-1907, conscious Russia tried to learn to live and think in a new way, to rethink its attitude to society and the state (the birth of the ideology of "small deeds," the concept of the public, peaceful renewal, etc.), to the individual and her role in history.