From the X until the XVIII century. the boyar duma was at the head of the Old Russian administration, was a flywheel that set in motion the entire government mechanism; for the most part, she created this mechanism, legislated, regulated relations, gave answers to questions addressed to the government. During the period of its most intense activity, from half of the 15th to the end of the 17th century, this institution was the creator of a complex and in many respects majestic state order established in the vast space of Moscow Russia, the order that only made possible the bold external and internal enterprises of Peter, gave the necessary for that means, people and very ideas: even Peter's idea, at least his main, most fruitful ideas, grew out of the Moscow state order and were inherited by Peter from his predecessors, along with a seasoned, surprisingly disciplined politically society, whose hands and means the converter used.