The textbook discusses the mechanisms of activity of neurons and their ensembles, excitation and inhibition of neurons of the central nervous system (CNS), excitation of nerve fibers and synapses; properties of nerve centers, functions of various parts of the central nervous system; mechanisms and principles for managing the functions of organs and systems of the body; the coordinating and integrating role of the CNS; general principles of organizing the behavior of the body and private behavioral reactions. For higher education students.