For the first time in Russian historiography, the subject of special research was the foreign policy of the Republic of the United Provinces of the Netherlands in the 18th century, namely, between the Utrecht and Paris peace treaties. Based on a wide range of sources, primarily materials from the Foreign Policy Archive of the Russian Empire, previously not introduced into scientific circulation, the monograph identifies internal and external reasons for the gradual abandonment of the United Provinces from previous alliances and the transition to positions of neutrality in international affairs, an assessment is made of the significance and results of the policy of neutrality both for the Netherlands itself and for the entire system of international relations in Europe. A significant addition is the essay published in the appendix on sources on the history of the Netherlands in Russian archives and libraries and texts of Dutch pamphlets of the 18th century.