The Military Council under the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR began to operate from 1934. Until 1938 inclusive, it regularly gathered at the end of each year for its meetings, at which the most important issues were discussed: improving the combat training of the Red Army, building the Armed Forces, training commanding officers, etc. This collection includes a transcript of the first meeting of the Military Council and related documents and materials. They make it possible to objectively assess the situation in which the meeting was held, the direction of the issues under discussion, to identify a wide range of views and the personal position of the members of the Military Council who spoke, most of whom were soon accused of treason and shot. The collection opens a series of publications of documents and materials on the work of the highest advisory and collegial bodies of the military administration of the People's Commissariat of Defense of the USSR from December 1934 to June 1941. The book is designed for a wide range of readers, especially interested in Russian military history.