The presented work is the fourth, concluding volume of The History of the Balkans in Modern Times. Against the background of the struggle of the great powers, the most important period in the history of the Balkan states is considered - from gaining independence to the First World War. This period, associated primarily with the tasks of modernizing the Balkan states, is divided by the authors of the publication into two parts - the Era of the Berlin Congress and the Era of the Balkan Wars. For historians, political scientists, a wide range of readers.