One of the remarkable figures among the galaxy of scientists of the Uzbek people is Ulugbek, who founded the astronomical observatory in Samarkand in the 15th century. Therefore, the study of his scientific heritage is of great interest. In 1908, excavations of the Ulugbek Observatory were carried out, since then it has been an exceptional monument of material culture of world importance. Later, scientific articles appear, further excavations are carried out, Ulugbek's manuscripts are studied and translated from Persian and Arabic. Against the background of the general development of science, the author of this publication tried to comprehensively highlight the place of the Ulugbek astronomical school in the history of world science.