The monograph is devoted to the problem of the emergence and functioning of democratic zemstvo organizations in Siberia of the 17th century. Peasant community bodies, service communities, coachmen, Cossack and military organizations in their relations with the government voivodship are considered. Vivid pictures of the struggle of the Siberian army, peasant communities for their rights make it possible to reveal a certain historical logic in these stormy events. Particular attention is paid to the study of the political public consciousness of Siberians in the XVII century.