The properties of the atmosphere, as well as physical processes and phenomena occurring in it under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors are considered. The composition and structure of the atmosphere, its radiation and thermal conditions, air humidity and water vapor condensation processes, optical, electrical and acoustic phenomena occurring in the atmosphere are studied. Description of Goskomgidromet structure is given and its tasks are analyzed. The issues of using meteorological information in the national economy are presented. The achievements of recent years in the field of meteorology are highlighted.