The dictionary contains about 300 biographies (with an emphasis on the review of scientific, methodological and literary creativity) of domestic antiquologists and translators from ancient languages. The list of personalities contains as well-known names (I.F. Annensky, V.V. Veresaev, N.I. Gnedich, F.B. Grefe, G.E. Groddek, F.F. Zelinsky, V.K. Ernstedt, F.E. Korsh, Yu.A. Kulakovsky, P.P. M. Leontiev, K.Ya. Lugebil, V.I. Modestov, A.K. Sciences, M.M. Pokrovsky, S.I. Sobolevsky, A.A. Fet, I.V. Tsvetaev, G.F. Tsereteli, etc.), and poorly studied or forgotten today (P.I. Alandsky, A.G. Beckshtrem, A.V. Dobiash, V.P. Klinger, L.S. Mendelssohn, L.A. Miller, I.V. Netushil, B.I. Ordynsky, O.I. Pekhovsky, A.F. Semenov, K.I. Tomasini, I.G. Turtsevich, K.S. Tkhorzhevsky, F.I. Vater, I.I. Kholodnyak, I.G. Shershenevich, V.A. Schaeffer, G.A. Yanchevetsky and others). The dictionary is addressed mainly to researchers specializing in the field of ancient philology and the history of Russian linguistics.