The monograph examines one of the main sides of the political system of Romania in the last third of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries, the most important characteristic of its political regime is the state of rights and freedoms. The practical implementation of the principle of legal equality of citizens, the state of social, political and personal rights and freedoms, law and order are considered. Revealed the socio-historical condition of the position of the individual and political freedom. As a result of a comprehensive analysis, conclusions were drawn about the nature of the political regime of Romania in the era under study.