The monograph summarizes the results of studies of various physicochemical, electrophysical and operational properties of composite materials containing metal and semiconductor nanoparticles. The presented material can be conditionally divided into several blocks, which disclose a number of aspects of the behavior of nanoparticles under the influence of electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields. Much attention is paid to the study of biological systems and the use of nanomaterials in medicine. A number of phenomena discussed in the book are interesting not only from a scientific point of view, but also promise a noticeable practical way out, and in some cases are already effectively used on an industrial scale. In conclusion, topical problems related to the effect of nanoobjects on the human body due to the biological activity of nanoparticles, due to their high penetrating power and effective interaction with a living cell, are considered. All chapters are written by highly qualified specialists who are actively working in various areas of nanotechnology. Along with the review material, the original research of the authors summarizing their work of the last few years is also presented.