The monograph analyzes the critical situation in Soviet society that had developed by the beginning of the 20s. the crisis of the Communist Party was an integral part of it. The first attempts to get the RCP (b) out of the historical impasse were considered. The circumstances and results of internal party discussions are presented, especially the discussions of 1923-1924. as an expression and way to overcome the social crisis. The reasons for the failure of the reform of the political system of the USSR are determined. The place and role of the Siberian party organization in the events of 1923 are being clarified.