The manual provides general information on conducting geobotanical descriptions, analyzing the species and population composition of plant communities, as well as their composition by geographical elements, life forms, ecological and cenotic groups of species. The main methods of statistical processing of geobotanical descriptions are presented, analyzed using specific examples. A list of the most common species of vascular plants, mosses and lichens in the north-west and in the middle zone of the European part of Russia is given, indicating their life form, attitude to environmental factors (moisture, lighting, soil richness and salinization), ecological-cenotic group and features of their habitat.