The submitted monograph includes materials characterizing the psychophysiological characterization of sleep and dreaming as a psychophysiological phenomenon. The history of dream research (from archaic representations to modern scientific concepts) is covered. From modern positions, the concepts of Z. Freud and K. G. Jung, illustrated by graphic images (diagrams) prepared by the authors of the monograph, are considered. For the first time, a questionnaire for a comprehensive study of dreams, the results of their own empirical studies of images, symbols, the plot content of dreams, and the author's typology of dream plots are published. A set of hygienic recommendations aimed at preventing insomnic disorders, ensuring sleep hygiene, and an original technique for correcting images, symbols and plot content of dreams are given.