The monograph is devoted to the history of interaction with the environment of nomadic peoples of Central Asia: Hunnu, Xianbi, Zhuanzhuan, ancient Turks, Uyghurs, Kyrgyz, Khitan, Mongols from the 3rd century. BC E. to the XVI century. AD The study is aimed at poorly studied in both domestic and world science issues of adaptation of the material and spiritual culture of nomadic peoples to complex natural climatic conditions.