The rise in prosperity and the growth of the culture of the population, their active participation in the implementation of preventive and anti-epidemic measures are important conditions that contribute to further success in the elimination of infectious diseases in our country. Of great importance, in particular, the active participation of the population in the fight against dysentery. To prevent this disease, it is especially important to comply with the requirements of hygiene - health science - and to carry out a number of sanitary measures. It is therefore necessary that everyone knows what these events consist of and why they are held, as well as have an idea of ​ ​ dysentery and its spread. The purpose of this brochure is to familiarize the reader with these questions.