The monograph contains morphological and anatomical features, a place in the system, a description of cap mushrooms - objects of industrial cultivation, life cycles, methods for breeding higher mushrooms to obtain high-yielding strains. Basic principles and approaches for introduction of edible mushrooms into deep culture are formulated. The results of experimental-industrial surface cultivation of strains of double champignon on various types of compost and oyster mushrooms by extensive method are presented. Data on the use of various non-food waste of agriculture and processing industry as a medium for deep cultivation of edible mycelium (basidiomycetes. Physiological and biochemical properties of selected fungal strains are considered.