This tutorial is intended for students of non-historical faculties of universities studying general history. The objective of the textbook is to develop a solid idea among students about the laws of the historical process, about the controversial problems of interpreting this process and about the history of the East as a whole in antiquity, in the Middle Ages and in modern times. The book is equipped with a list of literature that will help students expand their knowledge on issues of interest to them or in individual countries. This tutorial will be useful to all those who are interested in the history of Asia and Africa.