The book offered to the reader contains the programmatic work of the outstanding Danish linguist Louis Elmslev "Prolegomens to the theory of language," which sets out the foundations of glossematics - the Danish branch of structuralism. In addition, the book includes articles by Yelmslev, previously translated into Russian, an acutely polemic article by A. Martine with an analysis of the main provisions of Yelmslev's Prolegomen, as well as an article by V.P. Murat on glossematic theory - one of the first attempts to build axiomatic theory in linguistics and combine linguistic methods with methods of mathematical logic. Recommended for philologists, philosophers, historians of the science of language.