The book contains biographical essays with 11 full-page portraits of prominent Russian scientists. M.V. Lomonosov; N.I. Lobachevsky and other mathematicians; D. Mendeleev and other chemists; P.N. Lebedev and other physicists; V. I. Vernadsky and geochemistry; V.V. Dokuchaev and soil science; K.M. Baer and Biology; N.I. Vavilov and genetics; I.I. Mechnikov and gerontology; I.P. Pavlov and physiology; N.I. Pirogov and anatomy.