This collection of articles and documents is the first experience of wide international cooperation of orientalists in the study and publication of oriental sources on the history of the peoples of Eastern Europe. The collection is attended by prominent orientalists from Bulgaria, Hungary, Israel, Poland, the USSR, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia. The original articles and translations presented in the collection introduce into science the most interesting new materials on the military, political and economic history of the peoples of the USSR, the Balkan countries and Central Europe. At the same time, they also illustrate various forms of political and economic ties between the peoples of the Near and Middle East with the peoples of these European countries. The materials placed in this collection are extracted from Arabic, Turkish and Armenian sources.