Five-volume "History of Private Life" is a comprehensive study created in the 1980s by a group of French, British and American scientists led by renowned historians from the Annals School - Philippe Ariès and Georges Duby. The five-volume covers the entire history of the West from Antiquity to the end of the 20th century. In the fourth volume - the private life of Europeans between the Great French Revolution and the First World War: the transformation of morality and the triumph of the family, mansions and slums, social ulcers and faith in the progress of medicine, the spiritual and intimate life of a person with loved ones and alone with himself.