The textbook was prepared in accordance with the "State requirements (Federal component) for the mandatory minimum content and level of training of graduates of higher education in the cycle "General humanitarian and socio-economic disciplines." The content of the didactic units of these sociological requirements is revealed through the exposition of the main sociological trends, currents, schools and teachings that make up the wealth of sociology, from the foundation of science to the present. The manual is designed for students, graduate students and university professors, as well as everyone interested in sociology.