Management science specialists predicted the end of hierarchies. Even today, many pundits believe that these authoritarian structures are rapidly losing ground to horizontal network structures. However, anyone working in a large organization knows the truth: no matter how "flat" or team-based the company becomes, it still remains a hierarchy built from top to bottom and focused on a single boss. In his well-grounded study of modern hierarchies, organizational behavior specialist Harold Leavitt explains what caused this gap between managerial theory and the realities of working life. It analyses how this divide affects managers trying to act more democratically within authoritarian hierarchies.