The author made a rather successful attempt to ethnographically characterize the numerous peoples of the globe in their main physical, anthropological, social, economic, religious features. In the introductory part of the volume, an overview of ethnography as a descriptive part of ethnology is given, its role in the development of a classification of the peoples of the world is determined, the basic principles of such a classification and factors affecting the addition of races are determined, maps of climatic, zoological, plant areas are given and their relationship with the summary table of human races is commented. In the main section of the volume, with the involvement of extensive archaeological materials, epigraphy data, the results of field ethnographic studies, information from the natural sciences, the most extensive factual material is presented on the geographical and natural landscape of the areas of residence of numerous peoples of the world, their way of life, material and spiritual culture - in comparative historical coverage. One of the main advantages of the publication is numerous historical, ethnographic, geographical drawings, engravings, photographs, maps.