The monograph studied the evolution of the concept of "ideology": from the introduction of it by A. Destut de Tracy in the 18th century to the present. The formation of an alliance of scientists and authorities after the First World War and the construction of state scientific policy in Russia and European countries are described. The response of Soviet historians, physicists, biologists and mathematicians to the ideologization of scientific research and discussions was analyzed. Judgments about scientism as an internal ideology of the scientific community and about the struggle for the dissemination of the values ​ ​ of science are presented. The circumstances of the doctrinal conflicts of mathematicians have been restored. The role of the philosophical and methodological views of mathematicians influencing the sharpness of their scientific discussions has been studied. Examples of ideological manipulations with historical memory in the history of scientific disciplines are given. The ideological features of some groups of the scientific community are analyzed.