The book presents fragments of published folklore and written sources (including pictorial) of Russian and foreign authors of the 13th - early 20th centuries, as well as data from comprehensive studies of archaeological sites in the north of Western Siberia from the Neolithic era (6th millennium BC) to XIX century inclusive, containing information on the historical ecology of the population of the region. The results of archaeozoological, archaeobotanical, palynological and dendrochronological studies and radiocarbon dating of archaeological sites are presented. The publication can serve as a source for reconstructions of the history of resettlement, economy and adaptation to the environmental conditions of the population of the north of Western Siberia in antiquity and the Middle Ages. The book is designed for a wide range of specialists dealing with the history of human-nature interaction, history, culture and ecology of the peoples of the Far North.