Essays are devoted to the history and culture of the ancient and modern population of Siberia and Central Asia. Based on a comprehensive study of the sources, the course of the historical process in the river valley is shown. Yenisei, from the appearance of the first man (Neanderthal) to the XVIII century. For historians, ethnographers, archaeologists, art historians, anthropologists, students and teachers, high school students and everyone who is interested in the history of our country.