For the first time at the modern scientific level, the monograph covers the systematics, evolution and cytogenetics of domestic dogs, their immunogenetics and biochemical polymorphism, inheritance of color and type of coat, and other signs. Separate chapters are devoted to the genetics of dog behavior, their hereditary anomalies and diseases. The genetic characteristics of the main breeds are given. The book contains the results of the authors' research and data from the latest world literature. The publication is of interest to biologists, breeders and amateur dog breeders interested in genetics and breeding.