The manual is devoted to the analysis of the process of orientation in space when piloting an aircraft both in visual and instrument flight when using forward (AC) and reverse (AC) roll indication for instrumental display of spatial position. The role of the spatial image in the structure of the image-conceptual model of the pilot is disclosed as a system-forming factor, which ensures, on the one hand, efficiency of perception of piloting and navigation information, and on the other hand, minimisation of errors when reading it and when making decisions on actions by control levers.