The monograph is an ecological and faunal summary of a popular scientific nature about the animal world of Turkmenistan and issues of its protection. The book contains generalizing and detailed information on the history of the study of vertebrates, the features of their habitat, composition, ecological, faunal and zoogeographic characteristics, on the role of vertebrates in ecosystems and human life, biological diversity, its protection in general and in particular, including the system of specially protected natural territories of Turkmenistan. It is intended for a wide range of readers, but primarily for zoologists, ecologists, geographers, researchers and practitioners in the field of nature conservation and especially biodiversity conservation, reserve and hunting workers, school teachers, students (biologists, ecologists) and university teachers.