The book offered to the reader is a revised course of lectures "Introduction to Musical Ethnography," which was read in 1963-1970 at the Institute of Musicology at the University of Warsaw. The book in a wide scope takes into account general cultural issues (social, anthropological, etc.), which directly determines the creative, in particular the musical activity of a person, differs in the most comprehensive account of world musical material. A significant concern of the author was to connect analytical issues with the foundations of cultural interpretation.