The monograph examines the problems of the formation and evolution of early Soviet society in the context of a project approach, which makes it possible to conceptually rethink the history of Soviet society in 1917-1936, to consider the processes of "socialist construction" as an experience in designing an "ideal" society, relying largely on utopian ideas about communism. The book is addressed to both professional historians and everyone who is interested in Russian history of the 20th century.