The monograph is devoted to the political and legal, economic and socio-cultural aspects of the functioning of private trade and credit in the Urals in the 1920s. The work analyzes the main directions of state policy in relation to the private sector of the economy in the 1920s. Private trade is considered as an essential element of the multi-layered economy model, providing communication between various sectors and structures, taking into account regional specifics in the context of the implementation of the territorial-market model of regional policy. The book may be of interest to researchers involved in economic history, trade history, regionalism, social history and the history of everyday life of early Soviet society.