"Temple of Nature" - E. Darwin's didactic poem - is a work that is saturated with the ideas of evolution, to a certain extent anticipating some of the provisions of the evolutionary doctrine developed later by his brilliant grandson Charles Darwin. Written at the very end of the 18th century, this poem was published in 1803, after the death of its author. This era was the threshold for radical coups in the history of the development of natural sciences in the 19th century, coups that determined a new face and new ways of brilliant development of natural science.