The monograph is devoted to the events in Syria, which the author characterizes as the uprising that swept the country in March 2011 and continues to this day. The main stages of the uprising, its driving forces and participants are distinguished, socio-political and ideological prerequisites are analyzed, preliminary results of the uprising are summed up and possible prospects for the development of the situation are determined. The author states that as a result of a civil war lasting more than 7 years, in which international and regional powers were actively involved, the political system of Syria was actually destroyed, and it will have to be rebuilt. The historical retrospective examines the process of political formation, formation and evolution of state institutions in Syria under the rule of the Assad, analyzes in detail the historical prerequisites for the emergence of radical Islam and the Islamist opposition in the country, which is based on the movement of provincial Salafism. The role of the military at various stages of the Syrian uprising and the means of political control over the power structures of Syria are shown. An important place in the work is given to an external factor, in particular the role of Russia in Syrian events, options for solving the Syrian crisis have been proposed, especially at the stage of political settlement.