In the next volume of the collection of works of A. A. Potebni (1835-1891) included his classical studies on Slavic folklore, beliefs and rituals, in particular, the book "On the Mythical Significance of Some Rites and Beliefs," which has not been reprinted since 1865. Considering language and folk poetry in close connection, A. A. Potebnya describes the fundamental concepts of Slavic mentality and language picture of the world, explores traditional ideas about the share (fate), about the world tree, about crossing to another world, etc. The book is intended for philologists, historians and anyone interested in folklore and folk culture.