The publication examines the social and economic history of Stavropol from the end of the 18th to the beginning of the 60s. XIX century in the context of the geopolitics of the Russian Empire in the Caucasus, analyzed the impact of the process of implementing Russia's geopolitical goals in the Caucasus on the settlement, development of the economy, trade, road transport network, post office, medicine Stavropol. Intended for scientists, teachers, graduate students, students, for all interested in the history of the Caucasian region.