The monograph is devoted to the history of national movements of the East Slavic population of one of the provinces of Austria-Hungary, Galicia, in the 19th - early 20th centuries. The peculiarity of their development in the region was that in Galicia there were simultaneously several variants of the national identity of the East Slavic population. In the studied period, the main rivalry unfolded between the Ukrainian and Russophile directions. It was the competition between these two projects of nation-building, the carriers of which at the turn of the 19th - 20th centuries. consolidated into full-fledged national-political movements, was at the center of the socio-political life of the East Slavic population of Galicia. An important factor in the development of the Ukrainian and Russophile movements was the significant influence of external forces on them: the policies of the Galician provincial administration and the imperial government, the Polish national movement. In the period under study, the state of Austro-Russian relations had a growing influence on the development of national movements of Galicia.