The proposed essays are not the first ever attempt by a researcher to penetrate the hitherto unexplored field of human knowledge, an attempt to find the origins of an ancient musical culture unfixed by written monuments. Given the complexity of the issues raised, the achievements and failures of the predecessors, the author highlights the need to create a special scientific discipline - musical Slavic studies, the goals and objectives of which would contribute to the systematic and systematic study of ancient Slavic folk music.