The collective monograph presents the search for modern historical knowledge in the space between the ideals of universalism and cultural dialogue. The main attention is paid to the connection of this process with the general situation around historical science, with the collapse of the previous system of its normative prerequisites in the course of numerous "turns," with the creation of a new system of attitude to epistemological problems based on the interaction of landmarks of macro- and microhistory, with the spread of situational and multi-stage, multi-prospective version of historical research. The complex dynamics of global dialogue is shown, cognitive, identification and communication problems of humanitarian knowledge are analyzed. Various models of historical and interdisciplinary synthesis, as well as the possibilities and boundaries of civilizational research at the end of the 20th - beginning of the 21st centuries, are critically considered.