The monograph is devoted to the problems of the formation and development of the leading sectors of the economy of Kazakhstan in the Bronze and Early Iron Age: metallurgy, mining and pottery. Methods of obtaining ancient metals and alloys are shown, attention is paid to the reconstruction of ancient technologies, sources and components of mineral raw materials. The results of research in the field of ancient jewelry, the technological process of making household ceramics, the level of development of pottery in Central Kazakhstan are considered, relationships with certain regions are traced. The latest physicochemical methods of studying the intricacies of ancient technologies are widely used in the work.