The monograph is devoted to the study of the process of synthesis of ultrafine diamonds (UDA) during detonation of explosives in laboratory and industrial conditions; chemical cleaning and surface modification of diamonds; description of the properties of DAP and their use in electroplating, in oil compositions and medicine. The author was directly involved in the development of these areas. Designed for specialists in the field of materials science of nanocomposites and superhard materials, for electrochemists, petrochemists, machine builders, doctors, graduate students and students of relevant specialties.