Publication of the famous book by G. D. Gachev, the largest specialist in the mentality of the peoples of the world. The national world and the national mind are considered by G. D. Gachev at different levels: in everyday life, language, religion, literature, art, natural science. The book gives portraits of many countries and peoples; its philosophical and theoretical part is complemented by the author's "confession" based on personal impressions "How I Taught in America."