This book does not have ready-made answers to the most complex questions of the origin and development of the human race. Based on an extensive collection of facts, many of which have not yet been published in Russian, the author invites the reader to think about these problems himself and find their own solutions. From our days to the depths of millennia, the roots of numerous anthropological mysteries go back: what kind of mysterious people who left behind grandiose megalithic buildings inhabited Europe before the arrival of the Indo-Europeans? What unites the indigenous people of Spain - the Basques with the inhabitants of the far north of Canada - the Eskimos? Where did the legends of America's white and black Indians come from? How did people settle Australia and what strange people lived in New Zealand before the arrival of the Māori Polynesians there? The book "Mysteries of Anthropology" focuses on these and many other mysteries of humanity.