The monograph is a systematic summary of the literary and original data on the structure of the skeleton of a modern person and his chronological predecessors in the aspect of anthropogenesis. It traces the main trends and patterns of morphological evolution of hominids, evaluates the comparative taxonomic significance of individual morphological characters and their complexes, substantiates the morphological criterion of hominids. The monograph also includes basic information on the variations of the most important morphological characters on the skeleton of modern and fossil humans.