The monograph for the first time carried out a multidimensional study of the views and activities of an outstanding statesman of Russia in the first half of the 18th century. V.N. Tatishchev. Based on a wide range of sources, a significant part of which is first introduced into scientific circulation, the close relationship between the social and economic life of Russian society is considered. Characteristics of social, economic, interethnic views and projects of V.N. Tatishcheva. Its role is assessed in the development of science and technology, education and medicine, industry and trade, finance and taxes, in diplomacy, in lawmaking and other areas of state activity.