This monograph is the first in Russian science experience in generalizing a complex of postmodern ideas as a complete system of artistic worldview. On the material of theoretical-aesthetic, philosophical, literary-critical works of scientists from the USA, France, Great Britain, a generalizing picture of the formation (in the 1960s) and development (in the 1970-1990s) of poststructuralism as an aesthetic concept, deconstructivism as a method of analyzing a work of art formed on the basis of poststructuralism, and postmodernism - a special mindset that arose from post-structuralist and deconstructivist aesthetic practices. The aesthetic concepts and conceptual apparatus of J. Derrida, M. Foucault, J. Delez, Yu. Kristeva, R. Bart, scientists of the Yale school are analyzed.